Self-Care Scoring Algorithm
This scoring algorithm can be used to calculate responses to the all of the documents found on this site.
COMPUTING
STANDARDIZED SCORES
All of the instruments on this website are scored in the same fashion. All use a standardized score computed separately for each individual score. Do not compute a total score reflecting the whole index or inventory. That is, do not add together Self-Care Maintenance, Self-Care Monitoring (or Symptom Perception), and Self-Care Management scales.
To compute a standardized score, first compute a raw scale score. Then transform the raw scale score to a standardize score that ranges from 0 to 100.
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Computing Raw Scale Scores |
After item cleaning, including handling of missing data (see below), a raw score is computed for each scale. This score is the simple algebraic sum of responses for all items in that scale. For example, the raw scale score for the Self-Care Maintenance Scale is the sum of the responses to items in section A. Missing data You can use imputed values or change the denominator in the transformation formula (see below) to accommodate missing items. We recommend that if the respondent answers ≥50% of the items in a multi-item scale (e.g., Self-Care Maintenance), the score should be calculated. If the respondent answered <50% of the items, the score for that scale should be considered missing. This simple scoring method is possible because items in the same scale have roughly equivalent relationships to the underlying concept being measured and no item is used in more than one scale. Thus, it is not necessary to weight items. These are the assumptions used in calculating the commonly used SF-36. |
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Transformation of Scale Scores |
The next step involves transforming each raw scale score to a 0 – 100 scale using the formula shown below. The Table below shows an example of this process. The Table provides the information necessary to apply this formula to each scale in the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC-CII) as an example. Use the same principle when computing scores for the other scales.
This transformation converts the lowest and highest possible scores to 0 and 100, respectively. Scores between these values represent the percentage of the total possible score achieved. |
Table. Example of Formulas for Scoring and Transforming Scales Based on the SC-CII
|
Scale |
Sum final item values |
Lowest and highest possible raw scores |
Possible raw score range |
|
Self-Care Maintenance (Section A) |
1+2+3+4+5+6+7 |
7, 35 |
28 |
|
Self-Care Monitoring (Section B) |
8+9+10+11+12* |
5, 25 |
20 |
|
Self-Care Management (Section C) |
14+15+16+17+18 |
5, 25 |
20 |
Example: A Self-Care Maintenance raw score of 21 would be transformed as follows:
[(21 – 7)]
_______ * 100 = 50
[ 28 ]
*Note that item 13 is now used as a single item analyzed descriptively. It is no longer used in the Self-Care Monitoring scale or in the Self-Care Management scale. We recommend that you use item 13 to reflect the link between self-care monitoring and
management. Specifically, we recommend treating responses to this item as ordinal-level data and analyzing the percentage of respondents who select each response choice.*
* Riegel B, de Maria M, Barbaranelli C, Matarese M, Ausili D, Stromberg A, Vellone E, Jaarsma T. Symptom Recognition as A Mediator in The Self-Care of Chronic Illness. Frontiers in Public Health, section Public Health Education and Promotion, eCollection 2022. 10:883299, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.883299